Speed Made Good (VMG) Calculator
Calculate velocity made good toward destination or upwind/downwind
Degrees (0-360)
Degrees (0-360)
Current (optional)
knots
VMG Results
VMG to Destination
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Effective Progress
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Angle Off Course
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Speed Over Ground
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Course Over Ground
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Current Effect on Speed
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Leeway Compensation
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Sailing VMG Reference
| Point of Sail | Angle to Wind | Typical VMG % |
|---|---|---|
| Close Hauled | 35-45° | 70-85% |
| Close Reach | 60-75° | 85-95% |
| Beam Reach | 90° | 100% |
| Broad Reach | 120-150° | 85-100% |
| Running | 180° | 60-80% |
About Velocity Made Good (VMG)
VMG Definition: The component of boat speed in the direction of the destination. VMG = Boat Speed x cos(angle off course). Maximum VMG toward destination is achieved when sailing directly toward it.
Upwind VMG: When beating to windward, the optimal tacking angle balances boat speed against angle to wind. Typical optimal upwind VMG is 35-45 degrees off the wind.
Current Effects: Current affects both speed over ground and course over ground. A favorable current increases VMG while an adverse current reduces it.
Note: For precise navigation, account for leeway, compass deviation, and varying current conditions.